Carburo di silicio Definizione

Silicon carbide, commonly referred to as SiC, is a black or dark green crystalline material which can either be synthesized in a laboratory setting, or found naturally as the rare mineral moissanite.

Ceramic materials rank among the lightest, hardest, and strongest advanced ceramic materials available today. Their resistance to physical wear, corrosion, thermal expansion and contraction is unparalleled and offer unique electrical properties as well.

Physical Properties

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an extremely hard and brittle material found both naturally in nature as the mineral moissanite as well as industrially for use as an abrasive and semiconductor. Due to its unique combination of physical properties, SiC has long been sought-after in numerous applications for various uses.

Crystal structure of SiC varies with purity, from hexagonal or rhombohedral a-SiC to cubic b-SiC (which transforms to a-SiC at temperatures above 2100degC). Industrial SiC may appear white, yellow, green, blue or even black depending on its impurity levels and type.

Silicon carbide in its pure state acts as an electrical insulator; however, when treated with dopants or impurities it becomes semiconducting, making it ideal for use in low energy electronic devices like LEDs and detectors.

Silicon carbide’s impressive resilience to extreme conditions has propelled its growing use in space technology, such as on the BepiColombo mission to Mercury where solar panels use SiC diodes that have proven themselves capable of withstanding even the harshest space conditions. Furthermore, silicon carbide’s unique blend of industrial utility and spiritual symbolism has earned it a following among spiritual practices due to its ability to encourage perseverance through life’s challenges while inspiring transformation through experiencing them; further fuelling its global market growth.

Electrical Properties

Silicon carbide can act as both an insulator at lower temperatures and metal conductor at higher ones, depending on its temperature. But by adding impurities like nitrogen or phosphorus impurities which create additional free charge carriers (electrons and holes), silicon carbide can also become a semiconductor material with increased charge carriers (electrons and holes).

So much so, that aluminum alloys are often found in cutting tools as well as structural applications like car brakes, clutches and bulletproof vest ceramic plates. Furthermore, lightning arresters and mirrors of astronomical telescopes often utilise this material too.

SiC’s electrical properties are enhanced further by its wide bandgap semiconductor nature, as this requires less energy to transfer electrons from its valence bands to conduction bands compared with silicon, thus leading to higher breakdown voltages and shorter switching times that reduce losses and enhance efficiency.

Silicon carbide transistors offer significant efficiency benefits in electric vehicle applications by delivering more power with a smaller, lighter inverter – particularly as charging standards increase to 800 Volts, necessitating components with minimal losses when handling high voltage. Silicon carbide provides these solutions through IGBTs and MOSFETs which have high blocking voltage capabilities with extremely low turn-on resistance that allow these high voltage levels to be met more reliably allowing longer driving ranges and decreased system costs.

Thermal Properties

Silicon carbide has an outstanding Mohs scale rating of 9, making it the hardest synthetic substance ever created. Produced as powder or crystal form, silicon carbide can be combined to form ceramics used as abrasives and structural materials such as bulletproof vest armor or car brake plates ceramic plates. Due to its thermal properties it also finds use in demanding applications like melting metals, building chemical processing facilities or energy generation equipment.

Silicon carbide’s resistance to chemical reaction and high temperature strength make it an invaluable raw material for manufacturing hard refractories, and ceramic applications include creating strong, wear-resistent coatings as well as grinding medium. Furthermore, silicon carbide makes an excellent material choice for dynamic sealing technology used in pumps and drive systems.

Silicon carbide acts like an insulator in its pure state; with controlled addition of impurities such as aluminum, boron, gallium or nitrogen impurities it becomes a semiconductor. Silicon carbide semiconductors possess an extremely wide bandgap; shifting electrons from their valence band into conduction band takes much more energy than in other semiconductors, thus requiring lower voltage to break them down and permitting higher switching frequencies with decreased parasitic resistance.

Mechanical Properties

Silicon Carbide can withstand temperatures up to 1400degC with minimal fracture toughness degradation, making it an excellent abrasive material suitable for grinding metals and ceramics, lapidary use and as structural materials in cars like brakes and clutches; additionally it’s found in bulletproof vest ceramic plates and semiconductor electronic devices operating at high temperatures or voltages. SiC’s hardness also makes it ideal as an abrasive grinding abrasives used on automobile brakes & clutches while its fracture toughness qualities make it useful as an abrasive material when grinding metals & ceramics against these materials abrasively used against ceramic plates operating at higher than expected temperatures/voltages than its competition – thus its high reliability makes SiC a popular abrasive in lapidary applications as an abrasive use on automobile brake & clutches as well as ceramic plates used on bulletproof vests!!…and semiconductor electronics devices operating at higher than expected temperatures/voltages!

Silicon carbide when in its pure state is an electrical insulator; when impurities are introduced it becomes semi-conductive. With a wider bandgap than crystalline silicon and greater energy required to shift electrons into its conduction band, silicon carbide can tolerate higher breakdown electric fields.

Carborundum (Carbrundm/) was discovered by Pennsylvanian Edward Acheson in 1891 and has become one of the most important industrial ceramic materials since. Produced synthetically as well as occurring naturally as moissanite mineral, SiC has been mass produced in powder form over one hundred years for use as an abrasive. Grains of SiC can also be bonded together using various binding agents to form extremely hard ceramics, useful in applications requiring both thermal resistance (high temperature resistance) and mechanical strength (hardness). SiC has also found utility reinforcing metals or ceramics.